SOUTHERN EUROPE – SPAIN – PORTUGAL-ITALY-GREECE- HISTORY-GEOGRPAHY
Since nearly everything depends on history and geography, learning this chapter before any other subject is essential if you want to understand the precise facts of economics and science. Since nearly everything depends on history and geography, learning this chapter before any other subject is essential if you want to understand the precise facts of economics and science.
The Greeks made important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Literature and theatre was important aspect of Greek culture and influenced modern drama. The Greeks were known for their sophisticated sculpture and architecture. In general, scholars agree that we can speak of the first culture and civilization that was specifically Greek at around 1600 BCE. It was a mysterious and prosperous Mycenaean civilization that started on the island of Crete. The first Greek civilization emerged when the pyramids in Egypt were more than 500 years old.
After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar’s rise and fall in the first century B.C. The long and triumphant reign of its first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity; by contrast, the Roman Empire’s decline and fall by the fifth century A.D. was one of the …
GREECE

- GREECE HISTORY
- ANCIENT GREECE
- ANCIENT GREECE CIVILIZATION
- ANCIENT GREECE ARCHITECTURE
- ANCIENT GREECE GODDESS
- TIMELINES
- ROMAN AND LATER GREECE
- HIPPOCRATES
- GREEK ALPHABETS
The Greeks made important contributions to philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. Literature and theatre was important aspect of Greek culture and influenced modern drama. The Greeks were known for their sophisticated sculpture and architecture. In general, scholars agree that we can speak of the first culture and civilization that was specifically Greek at around 1600 BCE. It was a mysterious and prosperous Mycenaean civilization that started on the island of Crete. The first Greek civilization emerged when the pyramids in Egypt were more than 500 years old.
ROMAN EMPIRE
- ANCIENT ROME
- ANCIENT ROME TIMELINE
- NAME OF ROMAN EMPIRE
- ROMAN HISTORY
- KINGS
- JULIUS CEASER
- CLEOPATRA
- MARK ANTONY
- ROMAN EMPIRE- AUGUSTUS
- COLLAPSE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE
- BYZANTINE EMPIRE
- HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
- GALEN
A people known for their military, political, and social institutions, the ancient Romans conquered vast amounts of land in Europe and northern Africa, built roads and aqueducts, and spread Latin, their language, far and wide. After 450 years as a republic, Rome became an empire in the wake of Julius Caesar’s rise and fall in the first century B.C. The long and triumphant reign of its first emperor, Augustus, began a golden age of peace and prosperity; by contrast, the Roman Empire’s decline and fall by the fifth century A.D. were one of the …The Roman Empire was founded when Augustus Caesar proclaimed himself the first emperor of Rome in 31BC and came to an end with the fall of Constantinople in 1453CE.
ROMAN EMPIRE FACTS 
- DIFFERENT CATEGORIES OF CRIME
- RIGHT AND RELIGION
- GODS ROMAN – GREECE – SIMILARITY
- AQUEDUCTS
- HADRIAN WALL
- SEWER
- ROMAN ARMY
- ROMAN FOOD
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- ROMAN MEDICINES
- ROMAN – ADMINISTRATION
- ROMAN – QUESTION
- CASER MURDER
- RENAISSANCE ITALY – MODERN ITALY
Some scholars regard Janus as the god of all beginnings and believe that his association with doorways is derivative. He was invoked as the first of any gods in regular liturgies. The beginning of the day, month, and year, both calendrical and agricultural, were sacred to him.
ITALY

- ITALY GEOGRAPHY
- ITALIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
- FIRST WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
- THE REVOLUTIONS OF 1848 IN ITALY
- SECOND WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
- THIRD WAR OF INDEPENDENCE
- THE ITALIAN UNIFICATION
- FIRST WORLD WAR
- TRIPLE ENTENTE
- TRIPLE ALLIANCE
- SECOND WORLD WAR
- ABYSSINIAN CRISIS
- PACT OF STEEL
- HITLER – MUSSOLINI
SPAIN- PORTUGAL

- SPAIN-GEOGRAPHY –HISTORY
- SPAIN HISTORY
- SPAIN – BRITAIN RELATIONS
- SPANISH ARMADA
- BATTLE OF TRAFALGAR
- SPANISH CIVIL WAR
- PHILIP 2ND OF SPAIN
OLD YUGOSLAVIA COUNTRIES
- READ IN THE EASTERN EUROPE SECTION
map breakup of yugoslavia